Nixie Calculator Clock

There's nothing quite like basking in the soothing orange glow of a cold-cathode nixie tube display. An excellent vehicle for aforementioned basking is the Singer/Friden EC1117 calculator. Released in 1971, this beauty sports a full dozen Hitachi CD-90 nixie tubes. Given the pervasive nature of modern computers, however, the EC1117's number crunching capabilities may seem somewhat modest and its portability limited (despite the convenient carrying handle).

Surely you are now thinking precisely what I am: this calculator should be turned into a clock; a clock controlled by an Android app! Ask and 'ye shall receive! Below you'll find a write up describing the transformation and also links to full source code, 'scope traces, schematics (those are kinda rough since I don't have the calculator schematics), packaging info and more. Let me know if anything seems missing.

If you want to skip right to the details:

Instead of watching TV I modified my EC1117 to function as a programmable clock and digital display. This was achieved by using an oscilloscope to reverse engineer the display interface of the EC1117. Once I understood the interface signaling and protocol, I used a couple of 4504 level shifters to connect it to the GPIO bus of a Raspberry Pi 2B. Then I wrote a small C program to emulate the bus protocol in software. The program busy polls the calculator's 860Hz system clock waiting for a rising edge. Once the edge is found, it outputs a serial bitstream across the 4-wire bus to produce the desired display output. The C code also creates a thread listening for UDP packets. This thread decodes a simple ASCII protocol that allows wireless network clients to change the clock mode (e.g. different date/time formats), and also allows setting each individual digit to an arbitrary value.

Part of this project was an experiment to see if it was possible to emulate such a protocol without a real-time operating system. The answer seems to be mostly yes, it is possible although one can observe a few glitches here and there. Presumably this is due to being descheduled and missing the next edge due to an inconvenient context switch. Note that the code itself always busy waits to minimize context switch overhead. Also the clock I'm using from the EC1117 board appears to be the system clock; its period is about 20 bittimes. This means the emulation timing is open loop for all those bittimes, so timing jitter will be most visible on the uppermost digits (i.e. furthest from the system clock edge).

Another objective was writing an Android app to control the clock and display. This was a way for me to learn about app development. The main app activity uses an image of the calculator manufacturer's dataplate as the anchor for a fling gesture. Swiping this image to the right increments the display mode while swiping left decrements the mode. The activity also contains 12 wheel controls, each mapping to a single digit on the EC1117. When in arbitrary display mode the user can set the calculator digits in real-time using these wheels. Each increment of a wheel results in an event which sends a UDP packet to the calculator resulting in a change of the corresponding digit on the nixie display. Users can manipulate multiple wheels simultaneously and all digits will smoothly update. There is also a configuration utility to set the IP address and port. I might eventually get rid of this in favor of full zero-configuration with UPnP, mDNS and friends. 

      Nixie Tube Poetry:
         i once met a Clock in Dixie
         who lit up its Digits with Nixie
         keeping Time with a Pixie
         while Drinking a Moxie
         why is Life so Boxie?

      Nixie Tube Poetry by Gabe:
         Amber digits dance
         Calculate, enumerate
         Dozen nixie tubes
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